Текст между [no] и [/no] транслироватся не будет, т.е. будет, но потом назад перетранслируется
<?php
function translit($in)
{
$trans1= array("JO","ZH","CH","SH","SCH","JE","JY","JA","jo","zh","ch","sh","sch","je","jy","ja","A","B","V","G","D","E","Z","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","R","S","T","U","F","H","C","'","Y","a","b","v","g","d","e","z","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","r","s","t","u","f","h","c","'","y");
$trans2= array("Ё","Ж","Ч","Ш","Щ","Э","Ю","Я","ё","ж","ч","ш","щ","э","ю","я","А","Б","В","Г","Д","Е","З","И","Й","К","Л","М","Н","О","П","Р","С","Т","У","Ф","Х","Ц","Ь","Ы","а","б","в","г","д","е","з","и","й","к","л","м","н","о","п","р","с","т","у","ф","х","ц","ь","ы");
return str_replace($trans1,$trans2,$in);
}
function retranslit($in)
{
$trans1= array("'",'`',',',' ',"Ё","Ж","Ч","Ш","Щ","Э","Ю","Я","ё","ж","ч","ш","щ","э","ю","я","А","Б","В","Г","Д","Е","З","И","Й","К","Л","М","Н","О","П","Р","С","Т","У","Ф","Х","Ц","Ь","Ы","а","б","в","г","д","е","з","и","й","к","л","м","н","о","п","р","с","т","у","ф","х","ц","ь","ы");
$trans2= array('_','_','_','_',"JO","ZH","CH","SH","SCH","Je","Jy","Ja","jo","zh","ch","sh","sch","je","jy","ja","A","B","V","G","D","E","Z","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","R","S","T","U","F","H","C","","Y","a","b","v","g","d","e","z","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","r","s","t","u","f","h","c","","y");
return str_replace($trans1,$trans2,$in[1]);
}
$text = 'privet, [no]Fuelen[/no]!';
$text = translit($text);
$text = preg_replace_callback('/\[но\](.+)\[\/но\]/isU', 'retranslit', $text);
echo $text;
?>